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have described the Hindutvamovement as far-right, adhering to a disputed concept of Hindu homogenized majority andcultural hegemony.Historical
denialism
or
n
egationisms; is an illegitimate rejection of the historical record. It isexhibited by individuals who choose to deny reality in order to avoid an uncomfortable truth. Itis the refusal to accept an empirically verifiable reality; It is in essence an irrational act thatreject the validation of a historical experience or evidence".
Intellectuals Gunmen: Here will be used to refer a good hypercritical rhetorician who getshired to write or speak against someone or something that is contrary to his employer whopays him or blindly advocate defender again facts and moral, to his party.Intellectuals Mercenaries: These are good rhetorical people who serving merely for payand sordid advantage, such people are venal also greedy. They are in the paid service ofany ideological group or political party that hires them.Jacobin. From French
Jacobin
(pronunciation
iakovaen
) this term is associated withrevolutionary and radical leftism. This meaning derives from the political action of the mostextreme wing of the Jacobins during the French Revolution and, in particular, in the
Terror’s years. Robespierre was the leader
of this faction, in which militarizedalso:
Danton, Marat, Desmoulins y Saint-Just, distingue by His radical atheism andpirronic bigotry
. In the term will be used by to design the fundamentalist- bigotryatheistic, anti-religious intellectuals.
Jihadist Islamism:
The term "
Jihadism
" (also "
jihadist
movement",
"
jihadi
movement" andvariants) is a 21st-century neologism found in Western languages to describe radical
Islamist
militant movements perceived as military movements "rooted in
Islam
" and"existentially threatening" to the West.
Marxism-Leninism: A social welfare travesty political doctrine, was the official tyrannicalstate ideology of the former Soviet Union, etc-
Modernistic:
a practice, usage, or expression peculiar tendencies from Modernity timesideology from XIX, that violently rejected traditional forms so as to celebrate andincorporate into art the energy and dynamism of modern technology and naturalismideology. A tendency (even in theology) to accommodate traditional religious teaching tocontemporary naturalistic thought and especially to devalue supernatural elements
Misleading
–
misinformation
:
“false information that is spread, regardless of whether thereis intent to mislead.” Disinformation, on the other hand, is defined as “deliberately
misleading or biased information; manipulated narrative of facts like
propaganda.”
Nationalist: a person who strongly identifies with their own nation and vigorously supportsits interests, especially to the exclusion or detriment of the interests of other nations.Neoliberal: ideology and policy model that emphasizes the value of free marketcompetition. Both have their ideological roots in the classical liberalism of the 19th century,which championed economic laissez-faire and the freedom (or liberty) of individualsagainst the excessive power of government.
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Organic Intellectuals,an intellectual member of a social class, as opposed to a member ofthe traditional intelligentsia. Here -It will be used to refer like to the unilateral thinkers thatdefend only His ideology or paradigm even before facts demonstrated scientifically.
Permissivism: Hyper-
tolerant, uncritical permissive beliefs or attitude;
lenience toward or
indulgence of a wide variety of social behavior.
Political environment: is the state, government and its institutions and legislations and thepublic and private stakeholders who operate and interact with or influence the politicalsystem inside society in a Country. Real Socialism: (also actually
existing socialism
was an ideological catchphrasepopularized during the Brezhnev era in the Eastern Bloc countries and the Soviet Union.The term referred to the Soviet-type economic planning enforced by the ruling communistparties at that particular time.Secular: denoting attitudes, activities, or other things that have no religious or spiritualbasis. Or the extreme disassociation of Religious values and Cosmovisions in human life.Secular religion is a communal belief system, based in political o philosophical ideologythat often rejects or neglects the metaphysical aspects of the supernatural, commonlyassociated with traditional
religion
, instead placing typical
religious
qualities in earthlyentities or ideas.
Scientism:
Unlike the use of the scientific method as one mode of reachingknowledge, atheistic
scientism
claims that science alone is almost an omniscient deitythat can render truth about the world and reality, even questions purely metaphysical andimpossible to cover for the human being, as the
“
origin of the cosmos and what there isbeyond
”,
until reaching the quality of omniscience, etc.Sophistry and Sophism: comes from Greek
sophistēs
, meaning "wise man" or "expert",earned a negative connotation as "a captious or fallacious reasoner." Here will be use theterm
Sophistry
like reasoning that seems plausible on a superficial level but is actuallyunsound, or reasoning that is used willingly to deceive.
2, Methodology
2.1 Archeology, like is a branch of anthropology science, should be holistic, It is based on,history, history of Art, classical studies, ethnology, geography, geology, history of literature,linguistics, semiology, textual criticism, physics, information science, chemistry, statisticsbased on anthropology, classical studies, ethnology, geography, geology, paleoecology,paleography, paleontology, paleozoology and paleobotany, paleoecology, paleography, etc.
Scholars as
Bahn, Paul, and Colin Renfrew,
are explained this factor in
Archaeology:Theories, Methods and Practice
. New York, NY: Thames and Hudson, 2008
or
Holistic Anthropology
:
Emergence and Convergence
by David Parkin; StanleyUlijaszek. Article in
Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute
16 (1):200-201 ·January 2010, etc.
Archeology imperative need of ethnography and history, because thisscientific discipline cannot be alienate from all body o interdisciplinary evidence itself.
2.2
Ethnography:
a scientific descriptionof the cultureof a societyby someone whohas livedin it, or a book containingthis information type .
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2.3 Documentary Historical evidence. This is defined as the origin of information, comingfrom write texts. In this case, whether it is the Sanskrit books of Hinduism and the texts ofalternative dissident currents, even written in vernacular languages, Sanskritcommentaries, manuscripts, codices, letters, journals, logs and other documents such asnewspapers, gazettes, the production of academic literature in general. According to theiroriginality or order of precedence, they can be: Primary source, is the first-hand materialrelated to a phenomenon that one want to investigate. In the case of historiography, thematerial that in its time has served to build history. Secondary source: is a text based onprimary sources, which implies a treatment: generalization, analysis, synthesis,interpretation or evaluation. In historiography (the study of history), secondary sources arethose documents that were not written contemporarily to the events studied. Tertiarysource: it is a selection and collection of primary and secondary sources, for example:bibliographies, library catalogs, directories, reading lists and articles on surveys. Researchworks, textbooks, encyclopedias.2.4 Historical geography: The geographic study of a place or region at a specific time orperiod in the past, or the study of geographic change in a place or region over a period oftime.2.5 Epigraphy. The study of written matter recorded on hard or durable material. The termis derived from the Classical Greek
epigraphein
(“to write upon, incise”) and
epigraphē
(“inscription”)
2.6
Other Method used wasCalculations by computer simulation of Modeling climate-driven sea-level change, by ice melting and the Earth's response to mass redistributionmovements within the sea.2.7 Satellite Images: isGeological Survey with Remote Sensing, Aerial and
satelliteimages
, known as remotely sensed
images
, permit accurate mapping of land cover andmake landscape features understandable on regional, continental, and even global scales. 2.8 Geology
the fields of study concerned with the solid Earth. Included are sciences suchas mineralogy, geodesy, and stratigraphy. 2.9 Archeoastronomy: is the branch of archaeology that deals with the a use, by pre andhistoric civilizations, of astronomical techniques to establish the seasons or the cycle of theyear, especially as evidenced in the construction of megaliths and other ritual structures orastronomical references that appear in manuscripts.2.10 Side-Scan Sonar as a Tool for Seafloor Imagery:
features are being discovered, identified, characterized and imaged by their interactionswith sound, the use of acoustical geophysical devices that provide information about theseafloor and the strata below, transforming the things that we cannot see into numericaldata and pictures which give us a model that is able to visually represent the seabed andto outline its physical proprieties and processes. This is a category of sonar system that isused to create an image of large areas of the seafloor. The system consists of a sonardevice that is towed from a research vessel and emits fan-shaped pulses down towardsthe seafloor across a wide angle perpendicular to the path of a sensor.
2.11
Epistemology, (from the Greek
πιστήμη
--episteme, "knowledge", and
λόγος
(logos),"theory") stands out. It is a branch of philosophy whose object of study is limits and defects
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4.2 In fact, the Discovery of
Krishna’s Dwaraka appear
s in some Scientific Outreachdocumentaries on TV like Discovery Channel, Discovery Civilization, The History
Channel,Scientific Verification of Vedic Knowledge Devavision, Sunked City of Dwaraka. VisionWorld Bengalore India 1988, etc.,
etc…
4.3 Enough said that in one of the top academic edited books
,
Vaisnavism. CotemporaryScholars Discuss the Gaudiya Tradition
,
Ed. Rosen, Steven J. Folk Books, New York,1992,
where 25 Ph D scholars from the most prestigious Universities around the Worldparticipated, amongst them partake Dr. Edward C. Dimock. Chairman of the American Instituteof Indian Studies, Dr. M. Witzchel,
etc…
The editor wrote in the Introduction:
“
Archeologicalhistorical researcher had indeed shed light on the tradition, as, for example, in thefindings at Dwaraka and the textual analysis of the scriptures.
”
(Rosen,1992:1)Simply to end this part, Dr. Rao had published works of high academic level:
Lothal and the Indus Civilisation
, Bombay: Asia Publishing House, ISBN
Lothal: A Harappan Port Town (1955 - 1962)
, Vols. I and II, Memoirs of the ArchaeologicalSurvey of India, no.78, New Delhi, ASIN: B0006E4EAC (1979 and 1985)
Lothal
, New Delhi: the Director General, Archaeological Survey of India (1985)
New Trends in Indian Art and Archaeology: S.R. Rao's 70th Birthday Felicitation Volumes
,edited by B.U. Nayak and N.C. Ghosh, 2 vols. (1992)
New Frontiers of Archaeology
, Bombay: Popular Prakashan, ISBN 81-7154-689-7 (1994)
Marine Archaeology in India,
Delhi: Publications Division, ISBN 81-230-0785-X (2001)
5, Correlation of exploration site with the
Krishna’s
Dwaraka
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5.1
Ethnographical evidence
: In Oxford
’s
Doctoral researcher work by Samira Sheik, it isverified:
The descendants of Zafar Khan ruled Gujarat for the next century and a half and ....Princely state histories based on local documentation and clan genealogists ... Thehistory and ethnography of Gujarat were among the chief interests of ...... genealogyof the Bhattis has a similar claim to Yadu or Yadava descent from Krishna.
(SamiraSheikh, 2003
)
Other Ethnographic research in 1916 by R. V. Russell reported
:
The Yadus are a well-known historical clan. Colonel Tod says that the Yadu was themost illustrious of all the tribes of Ind, and became the patronymic of thedescendants of Buddha, progenitor of the lunar (Indu) race. It is not clear, evenaccording to legendary tradition, what, if any, connection the Yadus had withBuddha, but Krishna is held to have been a prince of this tribe and founded Dwarkain Gujarat with them, in which locality he is afterwards supposed to have been killed.Colonel Tod states that the Yadu after the death of Krishna, and their expulsion fromDwarka and Delhi, the last stronghold of their power, retired by Multan across theIndus, founded Ghazni in Afghanistan, and peopled these countries even toSamarcand. Again driven back on the Indus they obtained possession of the Punjaband founded Salbhanpur. Thence expelled they retired across the Sutlej and Garainto the Indian deserts,
where they founded Tannote, Derawal and Jaisalmer, the lastin A.D. 1157. ( Rusell 1916)
In fact, the ethnographical researchers has been discovery the same, for example
Annals and Antiquities of Rajasthan; or the Central and Western Rajput States.
..
–
April,1998, of James Tod & William Crooke, etc.
5.2 Documentary Historical evidence
5.2.1
In
Sruti
texts
:
According to some scholars, indications that the Vrisni dynasty ispart of the Yadu clan, to which Krishna belonged and lived in Dwaraka, are found in the
Taittiriya Samhita
3.2.93,
Taittiriya Brahmana
3.10.9.15 and the
Satapatha Brahmana
3.1.1.4. (Majumdar 1969: 268) Others authors find evidences that disclose the identity ofKrishna in the
Srutis,
which refer to Radha, the principal gopi girlfriend of Krishna, in thefollowing
Samhitas
:
Vajasana
1.4.83,
Katha
6.34,
Taittiriya
3-10 and
Madhyandina
3.9,(Sambidananda 1991): The epithet of
Krsna-dhrti
is adjective of Satyaki, the Yadava herofriend and relative of Krishna. (Idem). Later, there is another reference [1.6.1] thatindicates the relation with Krishna in which the Vrisnis and Andhakas, Krishna's familystemming from the Yadava clan, are mentioned in the same text.
Kausika Brahmana
30.9also mentions Krishna in relation to the sage Angirasa. The
Vajasaneyi Samhita
32.11 andthe
Satapatha Brahmana
2.1.5, 4 mention the appellation of Krishna as Gopala. Thehagiographic puranic works use this name for Krishna in his boyhood activities in thecompany of the Gopas in Vrindavana.
The Vâsudeva Upanishad
belongs to the Sama-Veda. It deals with Urdhva Pundraor the religious marks of Vaishnavas. Presented in the form of a conversation betweensage Narada and Vishnu: There is said: Oh Achyutha who is staying in Dwaraka, OhGovinda, Oh Lotus eyed one
”
(2).In his classic Theological work, Krishna das Kaviraja, had show indications ofDwaraka (
yadu-pura-sa
ṅgamāya raṅ
ga
ṁ
) and Ranga found in an old 16th centurymanuscript of
Maho Upanisad
. (CC. Madhya 24.24).
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11
akleśāṁ
kamala-bhuva
ḥ
praviśya goṣṭhīṁ
,kurvanta
ḥ
śruti
-
śirasāṁ
śrutiṁ
śruta
-
jñāḥ
,uttu
ṅ
ga
ṁ
yadu-pura-sa
ṅgamāya raṅ
ga
ṁ
,
yogīndrāḥ
pulaka-bh
ṛto navāpy avāpuḥ
)
‘The nine Yogendras entered Brahmā’s
association and heard from him the realmeaning of the topmost Vedic literatures, the
Upani
ṣ
ads
. Although the Yogendraswere already conversant in Vedic knowledge, they became very jubilant in K
ṛṣṇ
a
consciousness just by listening to Brahmā. Thus they wanted to enter Dvārakā, the
abode of Lord K
ṛṣṇ
a. In this way they finally achieved the place known as Ra
ṅ
ga-k
ṣetra.’
5.2.2 In the non
–
hindu opposites sources:
Is relevant, what inside of traditional Indian narrative and philosophy, till today,anybody has show, in the atheistic or agnostics doctrines like Charvakas, Vaisashikas, Ajivas, Nastikas Samkhya
, Budhistic, Janis, etc…,
a testimony again the identification ofGujarat Dwaraka
like Krishna’s sunked City.
The Buddhist texts like
Gatajataka
certifyDvaraka like Krishna
‘s city
(Majumdar Op cit:.23 ). The descriptions of Dwaraka in the
The
Jnatadharmakatha,
which
includes the Jain version of the
Mahâbhârata.
Another Jainworks is the
Harivamsa-purana
of Jinasena (A.D. 783) and the
Jnata-dharma-katha
mentions
Dwaraka as large, well-fortified and prosperous due to sea trade this confirmsthat it was a port city. This is testimony of Jainas, whose oral record tradition dates back tothe time of Krishna, they name a succession of thirtakaras sages, ranging from Risabha toMahavira. G.V. Tagore states that these Jains, who are atheists, accepted Krishna as oneof the nine Vâsudevas, a philosopher King and one of the master Thirtakaras (Tagare1986). Ancient Jain literature corroborates Krishna by calling him Kanha. In the Jains oraltradition there are records relating the Shalakapurushas or notable personalities in history.Where Krishna is mentioned, his brother Balarama and the Jarasanda (the evil King whocaused the immigration of Yadus dynasty, from Mathura to Dwaraka, by his 18 great armyattacks). The references are also found in late Jains texts such as, the
Trishashti-shalakapurusha-charita
by the author Hemachandra. Also others Buddhist works, like
Kunala Jataka
mentions Krishnaa (i.e., Draupadi)in addition to Bhimasena, Arjuna, Nakula, Sahadeva and Yudhittila (Pali for Yudhisthira).Dhananjaya of the Kuru clan (Arjuna) and Draupadi Svayamvara are referred to in
Dhumakari Jataka
. The same work refers also to Yudhisthira as an ancestor of the Kurusof Indapattana (i.e., Indraprastha) and also to Vidurapandita. In addition to these relativesof Krishna, Krishna himself is mentioned in Buddhist works such as
Sutrapitaka
and
Lalitavistara.
These works, Jaina and Buddhist, are often hostile to Krishna and histeachings, but the very fact they found it necessary to try to discredit him and histeachings, this proves that those are critical documentary historical literary evidence.5.2.3
Purâna
and
itihasa
testimony and its historical geography
: Geographic studyof a place or region at a specific time or period in the past, or the study of geographicchange in a place or region over a period of time. The writings of Herodotusin the 5thcentury BC, particularly his discussion of how the Nile Riverdelta formed, probably providean earliest example of what would be called historical geographyin the West. According tohistorian S.M. Ali, the author of
Geography of Purânas:
“
The geographical matter contained in the
Mahâbhârata
is immense. It is perhaps theonly great work which deals with geographic details and not incidentally, as otherworks
.”
(See Rao 1999)In fact, a
ny neutral researcher can see
objectively, what puranic Dwaraka narrativeis geographically very correct. Every site on Krishna's Dwaraka route is still identifiable andhas continuing ethnological traditions or temples to commemorate Krishna's visit. Around
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